Lung ultrasound and postoperative follow-up of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Lung ultrasound (LU) has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing pulmonary aeration noninvasively, rapidly, and reliably in different neonatal conditions. However, its role in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still poorly analyzed. We present a cohort of 8 patients diagnosed with CDH who underwent lung ultrasound examinations at various time points before and after surgical correction. The lung ultrasound patterns were compared between two groups: mechanical ventilation ≤ 7 days (MV ≤ 7) and mechanical ventilation > 7 days (MV > 7). The ultrasound findings were also compared to CT scans and chest X-ray images to assess its diagnostic capacity for identifying postoperative complications: pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pneumonia. Group MV ≤ 7 exhibited a normal pattern even at 48 h postsurgery, while group MV > 7 presented interstitial or alveolointerstitial pattern in both lungs for prolonged periods (2-3 weeks). Furthermore, contralateral LU pattern may be predictive of respiratory evolution.  Conclusion: Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool for evaluating the progressive reaeration of the lung following surgical correction in CDH patients. It demonstrates the ability to diagnose common postoperative complications without the need for radiation exposure while offering the advantages of quick and serial assessments. These findings highlight the potential of lung ultrasound as an effective alternative to conventional imaging methods in the management of CDH. What is Known: • Lung ultrasound evaluates lung aeration and predicts respiratory outcomes in neonatal patients. What is New: • Lung ultrasound is useful in the postsurgical management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients, detecting reaeration and respiratory complications.

Actualización en tricoscopia / Trichoscopy: An Update

La tricoscopia es una técnica sencilla y no invasiva que se puede realizar durante la consulta con un dermatoscopio manual o digital. Esta herramienta ha ganado popularidad en los últimos años, ya que la visualización e identificación de estructuras y signos característicos puede ser la clave en el diagnóstico de alopecias y enfermedades del cuero cabelludo. El enfoque de esta revisión es el estudio y actualización de los hallazgos tricoscópicos en las alopecias más frecuentes en la práctica clínica habitual. Así pues, existen algunas alopecias como la alopecia areata, la tricotilomanía o la alopecia frontal fibrosante en las que los hallazgos con la tricoscopia resultan clave para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. El reconocimiento de estas estructuras distintivas puede ser de gran ayuda y, por ello, como dermatólogos debemos estar familiarizados con las mismas (AU)

Trichoscopy is a simple, noninvasive office procedure that can be performed using a handheld or digital dermatoscope. This tool has gained popularity in recent years, because it provides useful diagnostic information for hair loss and scalp disorders by enabling the visualization and identification of distinctive signs and structures. We present an updated review of the trichoscopic features described for some of the most common hair loss disorders seen in clinical practice. Dermatologists should be familiar with these helpful features, as they can significantly aid the diagnosis and follow-up of numerous conditions, such as alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and frontal fibrosing alopecia (AU)

[Translated article] Trichoscopy: An Update / Actualización en tricoscopia

Trichoscopy is a simple, noninvasive office procedure that can be performed using a handheld or digital dermatoscope. This tool has gained popularity in recent years, because it provides useful diagnostic information for hair loss and scalp disorders by enabling the visualization and identification of distinctive signs and structures. We present an updated review of the trichoscopic features described for some of the most common hair loss disorders seen in clinical practice. Dermatologists should be familiar with these helpful features, as they can significantly aid the diagnosis and follow-up of numerous conditions, such as alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and frontal fibrosing alopecia (AU)

La tricoscopia es una técnica sencilla y no invasiva que se puede realizar durante la consulta con un dermatoscopio manual o digital. Esta herramienta ha ganado popularidad en los últimos años, ya que la visualización y la identificación de estructuras y de signos característicos puede ser la clave en el diagnóstico de alopecias y enfermedades del cuero cabelludo. El enfoque de esta revisión es el estudio y la actualización de los hallazgos tricoscópicos en las alopecias más frecuentes en la práctica clínica habitual. Así pues, existen algunas alopecias, como la alopecia areata, la tricotilomanía o la alopecia frontal fibrosante, en las que los hallazgos con la tricoscopia resultan clave para su diagnóstico y su seguimiento. El reconocimiento de estas estructuras distintivas puede ser de gran ayuda y, por ello, como dermatólogos debemos estar familiarizados con ellas (AU)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in critical COVID-19 patients: Report of 2 cases.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute neurological disorder characterized by variable symptoms and radiological images characteristic of vasogenic parietal-occipital edema. It is associated with clinical conditions such as high blood pressure, infection/sepsis, or cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs, among others. It is characterized pathophysiologically by endothelial damage with breakdown of blood-brain barrier, cerebral hypoperfusion, and vasogenic edema. The cases are presented on 2 critical COVID-19 patients who were admitted to pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and who, after removing sedation, developed acute and reversible neurological symptoms consisting of epilepsy and encephalopathy, associated with hyperintense subcortical lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus would activate an inflammatory response that would damage brain endothelium. It could be triggered by cytokine release, as well as by direct viral injury, given that endothelium expresses ACE2 receptors. It could explain the possible association between posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19.

Síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible en pacientes críticos COVID-19: reporte de 2 casos / Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in critical COVID-19 patients: Report of 2 cases

El síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible es un trastorno neurológico agudo caracterizado por una sintomatología variable e imágenes radiológicas características de edema vasogénico parietooccipital. Está asociado a condiciones clínicas como hipertensión arterial, infección/sepsis o fármacos citotóxicos/inmunosupresores, entre otros. Se caracteriza fisiopatológicamente por daño endotelial con rotura de la barrera hematoencefálica, hipoperfusión cerebral y edema vasogénico. Presentamos 2 casos de pacientes críticos COVID-19 que ingresaron por neumonía con necesidad de ventilación mecánica y que tras retirar la sedación desarrollaron clínica neurológica aguda y reversible consistente en epilepsia y encefalopatía, asociada a lesiones subcorticales hiperintensas en la resonancia magnética cerebral compatibles con síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible. El coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 activaría una respuesta inflamatoria que produciría daño en el endotelio cerebral. Este último podría ser desencadenado por la liberación de citocinas, así como por una lesión viral directa, dado que el endotelio expresa receptores ACE2. Esto podría explicar la posible asociación entre el síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible y la COVID-19.(AU)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute neurological disorder characterized by variable symptoms and radiological images characteristic of vasogenic parietal-occipital edema. It is associated with clinical conditions such as high blood pressure, infection/sepsis, or cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs, among others. It is characterized pathophysiologically by endothelial damage with breakdown of blood-brain barrier, cerebral hypoperfusion, and vasogenic edema. The cases are presented on 2 critical COVID-19 patients who were admitted to pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and who, after removing sedation, developed acute and reversible neurological symptoms consisting of epilepsy and encephalopathy, associated with hyperintense subcortical lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus would activate an inflammatory response that would damage brain endothelium. It could be triggered by cytokine release, as well as by direct viral injury, given that endothelium expresses ACE2 receptors. It could explain the possible association between posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19.(AU)

[Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in critical COVID-19 patients: Report of 2 cases]. / Síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible en pacientes críticos COVID-19: reporte de 2 casos.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an acute neurological disorder characterized by variable symptoms and radiological images characteristic of vasogenic parietal-occipital edema. It is associated with clinical conditions such as high blood pressure, infection/sepsis, or cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs, among others. It is characterized pathophysiologically by endothelial damage with breakdown of blood-brain barrier, cerebral hypoperfusion, and vasogenic edema.The cases are presented on 2 critical COVID-19 patients who were admitted to pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and who, after removing sedation, developed acute and reversible neurological symptoms consisting of epilepsy and encephalopathy, associated with hyperintense subcortical lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus would activate an inflammatory response that would damage brain endothelium. It could be triggered by cytokine release, as well as by direct viral injury, given that endothelium expresses ACE2 receptors. It could explain the possible association between posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19.

Trichoscopy: An Update. / Actualización en tricoscopia.

Trichoscopy is a simple, noninvasive office procedure that can be performed using a handheld or digital dermatoscope. This tool has gained popularity in recent years, because it provides useful diagnostic information for hair loss and scalp disorders by enabling the visualization and identification of distinctive signs and structures. We present an updated review of the trichoscopic features described for some of the most common hair loss disorders seen in clinical practice. Dermatologists should be familiar with these helpful features, as they can significantly aid the diagnosis and follow-up of numerous conditions, such as alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and frontal fibrosing alopecia.

The Relation of CFTR-Genotype and Associated Comorbidities to Development of Pulmonary Atelectasis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

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